This weekend I had the privaledge of preaching at the church where by brother in law recently became the pastor. Here is an outline and a few main points of my study of Luke 18:9-14 (ESV):
9 He also told this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and treated others with contempt: 10 “Two men went up into the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. 11 The Pharisee, standing by himself, prayed thus: ‘God, I thank you that I am not like other men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. 12 I fast twice a week; I give tithes of all that I get.’ 13 But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, ‘God, be merciful to me, a sinner!’ 14 I tell you, this man went down to his house justified, rather than the other. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted.”
Mark Driscoll aptly points out that this parable addresses one of the central questions of life, “How can we be righteous before God.” Luke tells us that the audience had an answer: “They trusted in themselves, that they were righteous.” Jesus shows us that the Human quest for rightrousness is often misguided and prone to failure, and we don’t even realize it. He teaches us through contrasting two men, a Pharisee, and a tax collector.
a Pharisee
In the time of Jesus the Pharisees were not necessarily rich or politically empowered but they garnered tremendous respect from the common people for their devotion to God’s law. They made every effort to ensure that they did not even come close to breaking any of God’s commands and people took notice.
a tax collector
If the Pharisee was highly respected by the people, the tax collector could not be more the opposite. Tax collectors were the agents of the Roman tax collection system. Ultimately, they were working for the emperor of Rome who forced the people of Judea to pay debilitating taxes to maintain his personal wealth, the empire, the army, and Rome’s idolatrous temples.
Tax collectors were corrupt and as traitors. This man would have been despised by every other person in the temple. He had taken advantage of them, extorted them, in order to line his own pockets and preserve the oppression of the Roman occupation. He did not belong.
shock and awe
Shock and awe existed long before the war in Iraq. Jesus was a master of it. Everyone listening to Jesus knows what to expect. The Pharisee is an obvious protagonist. He has his life together. He is committed to God. He is religious and respected. This tax collector guy, he’ll be lucky to make it out of this story alive…right?
And then comes the Jesus shock and awe. This tax collector goes home justified RATHER than the Pharisee… What? How can this be? Are you starting to see how radical our Jesus is? They came to the temple with starkly different histories and devotion to God, and public opinion but… Jesus tells us they have one thing truly in common. They both come unrighteous before the Righteous God.
Jesus redefines our quest for righteousness.
- Jesus redefines our need for righteousness (unrighteousness, sin)
- Jesus redefines the source of righteousness (salvation)
- Jesus redefines the pursuit of righteousness (sanctification)
- Jesus redefines the relating of the righteous
A new definition of unrighteousness
The pharisee’s words show the shallowness of his conviction of sin: “God I thank you that I am not like other men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or this guy”
He comes to the perfectly righteous God and declairs his own innosence. “I didn’t do this or that… so I am righteous.” His concept of Sin was limited to disobeying a specific set of commands. Jesus, in many places, teaches us that God see’s past our outward obedience.
Luke 11:39 And the Lord said to him, “Now you Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the dish, but inside you are full of greed and wickedness.
What is so different about the tax collector? He doesn’t deny his actions and he acknowledges that his very identity is drenched in sin. “God be merciful to me, the sinner”
Sin is not simply a list of what we should and shouldn’t do. We can do good things with sin reigning in our hearts. One way we often mix this up is by looking at other people to find our justification. We say things like “Can you believe he did that…” and what our heart is saying is “I didn’t do what he did, I am not so bad, I am not so stained by sin after all, I am righteous right?” NO! Jesus tells us that to look at a woman with lust is to commit adultery with her in your heart. Sin is an inner problem with outward symptoms. We need to forget justification by peers, and stand before God, see his manifold perfections, and plead for his mercy.
The true source of righteousness
On the other side of the same coin, the Pharisee adds to his list of what he didn’t do, list of actions he has performed “for God.” He fasts twice a week and tithes of all he gets.
This gets at the heart of our misguided quest. Works righteousness is not real righteousness. Isaiah tells us that even our good deeds are like “filthy rags” (menstreul rags) to God. We bring God something disgusting and say “look God, aren’t I great!.” How offensive is it to God when this Pharisee, who has been pursuing his own honor while despising others, comes to the holy temple, to the presence of the righeous God, and declairs all the good things he has done.
In the tax collector, Jesus again gives us a strong contrast. He is not trying to dilute his sin away. He is not trying to prove he is worthy. He isn’t trying to earn God’s favor. He is pleading for mercy. He knows that our own works are not the source of true righteousness, GOD IS!
God has provided a rightousness that is apart from obedience to the law, that is by faith (Rom 3:19-26). He becons us to recieve this righteousness, from Jesus Christ, by faith. What does it mean to recieve it by faith? Faith is renouncing our own works of righteousness as a means of justification and instead relying soely on the righteousness of Jesus Christ.
This is what it means to be a Christian. To rely on Jesus’ payment for our sin and his righteousness for justification before God. Christianity is not another religion that teaches us how to EARN God’s favor. Christ calls us to recognize our own sinfulness and the deadness of our works, and rely on the saving work of the cross.
The real pursuit of righteousness
Just as Paul did in Romans 6 it seems important to confront a possible objection, that renouncing faith in our own works is the same as saying that we can just live however we want, that God doesn’t care how he live becuase of Jesus. To think this illustrates a lack of true understanding of the first two points. It is like saying “so we can mock Jesus as long as we trust in him.” It makes no sense.
Now about how this works out. If you are a Christian, then it is likely that like me, you struggle to get the pursuit of rightrousness right in your head. We think things like this:
I had my devotionals, God will be happy with me today
My car broke down, God must be mad at me
I got cancer so God must hate me
I got the job, God must like that I am volunteering at Church
The Reality: God has adopted us as his children. We cannot be more accepted. God loved us with the blood of Jesus, he could not love us more. God has put his spirit in us, we cannot earn more intimacy with him!
This grace of God in the Gospel is the source of power for our good works. If it comes unplugged, we revert to sinful, selfish motives that do not please God. If left unchecked by the gospel of grace, we will all revert back to a works based view of relating with God. We need to preach the gospel to ourselves every day!
When we give to the poor give because when you were poor, God gave you his son. When we serve, we must serve because Christ served us on the cross. If we love others, love because Christ first loved us. When we work, we must work because Jesus has done all the work of our salvation!
Righteous relating
Jesus redefines how the righteous relate. The Pharisee’s “righteousness” caused him to view others with contempt. This is the result of works righteousness – anyone who works at it another way is wrong! When we are seeking to be justified by our own works we become hypercritical of other people and we judge people instead of being compassionate messengers of the gospel.
Driving is an easy illustration. I drive my car every day. Every day I find myself thinking that I must be the only sane, save, well-trained driver in the state. How rediculous is that? But I think it. I have such a self centered perspective on my driving that I think everyone else is doing it wrong. Ironically at the same moment they are probably thinking the same thing about me.
For us this can be much worse than our thoughts while driving. The rightness of our doctrine, the purity of our denomination, the generosity of our giving, the way we worship, the way we serve the poor, etc, can all become means of “self justification” (unjustification).
The new relating sees that all people are people, God’s creation. When we give to the poor we need to remember that they are people. We need to engage them not just with dollars, but with our lives. Every person we meet, regardless of religion, race, mistakes they have made, addictions they have – no matter how different they are, no matter how ugly their lives appear to us, we are the same in one significant way:
We are sinners in need of God’s Grace.
We need to live out of Jesus’ righteousness every day
- Recognizing and confessing our own sinfulness
- Looking to Jesus alone as our righteousness
- Working out our faith motivated by his grace
- Living with compassion for all people